IPU BCA/MCA/BTech: Software Engineering - Software Cost Estimation and its Techniques (#csnotes)(#ipumusings)

Software Cost Estimation and its Techniques

Software Engineering

Q1: What is Software Cost Estimation?

Answer: Software cost estimation is a continuing activity, which starts at the proposal stage and continues through the lifetime of the project. In the project planning, the estimation of time effort and time with the identified project activities need to be done. Project managers normally ask the following questions in order to estimate all the software project activities.

✓ How much effort is required to complete an activity?
✓ How much calendar time is needed to complete an activity?
✓ What is the total cost of an activity?

Project estimation and scheduling are interleaved management activities. However, some cost estimation may be required to establish a budget for the project or to set a price for the software.

Q2: What are Software Cost Estimation Components?

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GGSIPU BTech- CS - Sem 5 Analog and Digital Communications End Term Examination 2018 Question Paper (#ipumusings)(#ipupapers)

BTech- CS - Sem 5
Analog and Digital Communications 
End Term Examination 2018
Question Paper

Here follows sample question paper of subject Analog and Digital Communications  (BTech Fifth Semester):

Unit I
PULSE MODULATIONSampling process – PAM – other forms of pulse modulation – Bandwidth – Noise trade off – Quantization –PCM –Noise considerations in PCM Systems – TDM – Digital multiplexers – Virtues, Limitation and modification of PCM – Delta modulation – Linear prediction – Differential pulse code modulation – Adaptive delta Modulation.
Unit-II
BASEBAND PULSE TRANSMISSIONMatched Filter – Error Rate due to nose – Intersymbol Interference – Nyquist’s criterion for Distortionless Base band Binary Transmission – Correlative level coding – Baseb and M -ary PAM transmission – Adaptive Equalization – Eye patterns.
Unit III
PASSBAND DATA TRANSMISSIONIntroduction – Pass band Transmission model – Generation, Detection, Signal space diagram, bit error probability and Power spectra of BPSK, QPSK, FSK and MSK schemes – Differential phase shift keying -Comparison of Digital modulation systems using a single carrier – Carrier and symbol synchronization.
Unit IV
ERROR CONTROL CODINGDiscrete memoryless channels – Liner block codes – Cyclic codes – Convolutional codes – Maximum, likelihood decoding of convolutional codes – Viterbi Algorithm, Trellis coded Modulation, Turbo codes.
SPREAD SPECTRUM MODULATIONPseudo – noise sequences – a notion of spread spectrum – Direct sequence spread spectum with coherent binary phase shift keying – Signal space Dimensionality and processing gain – Probability of error – frequency – hop spread spectrum – Maximum length and Gold codes.

Recommended books for the course :

1. Sam K. Shanmugam “Analog and Digital Communication - John Wiley

2. John G.Proakis, “Digital Communication” McGraw Hill
3. H. Taub and D. L. Schilling, “Principles of Communication Systems”, TMH

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GGSIPU MBA/BBA - Information Rights in Digital Society (#mcanotes)(#eduvictors)

Information Rights in Digital Society

Privacy is an important social problem involved in statistics society. Privacy deals with the collection and use or misuse of information. Data is constantly being gathered and stored on each folk. This fact is regularly allotted, sold or used without our expertise. The health care company and retail stores have, for example, types of records on its customers and clients. The fundamental query is “who owns this facts and facts?”

We recognise for sure that we would now not want to percentage our clinical information with others, clearly now not with insurance business enterprise or our employers.

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GGSIPU BTech Semester 3: Applied Mathematics-III - Sample Question Paper (#ipumusings)

BCA/MCA/BTech- Maths
Applied Mathematics-III 
End Term Examination 2017
Question Paper

Here follows sample question paper of subject Applied Mathematics III (BTech Third Semester):

Applied Mathematics comprises of the following units :

Unit 1
Laplace Transformation: In the following unit, you shall learn about how to solve differential equations using Laplace transformations. The unit includes Laplace transformations, inverse transformations, shifting theorems, convolution etc.

Unit 2
Fourier series and Integrals: In this unit, you will learn to transform any function to a periodic function and solve it easily by Fourier series. The unit includes periodic functions, Fourier series, half range expansions etc.

Unit 3
Partial Differential Equations: In this unit, you will learn to solve linear/non-linear partial differential equations of first and second order. The unit includes charpit's method, separation of variables, heat and wave equations etc.

Unit 4
Numerical Methods: In this unit, you shall learn the use of numerical methods for solving various problems. This unit includes iteration, interpolation, linear equations solving with the numerical method.

Recommended books for the course :

1. Engineering Mathematics by V. P. Mishra

2. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Grewal B.S
3. Numerical Analysis by Akai T J

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BCA/MCA/BTech- Maths (Differential Equations) Maxima and Minima (Q and A)(#ipumusings)

BCA/MCA/BTech- Maths
Maxima and Minima

(Q and A)

A differential equation is a mathematical equation that relates some function with its derivatives. In applications, the functions usually represent physical quantities, the derivatives represent their rates of change, and the equation defines a relationship between the two.

In mathematical analysis, the maxima and minima (the respective plurals of maximum and minimum) of a function, known collectively as extrema (the plural of extremum), are the largest and smallest value of the function, either within a given range or on the entire domain of a function.

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BTech/MCA/BCA - Computer Science - Trees - Heaps & Its Implementation Computer Science - Data Structure Notes - Part 5 (#mcanotes)(#ipumusings)

Trees - Heaps & Its Implementation

Computer Science - Data Structure Notes - Part 5

Data structures are the building blocks of any programming language. Following are the PDF notes on Data Structures, help you in your studies. For large amounts of input, the linear access time of linked lists is prohibitive. A tree can be defined in several ways. A tree is a collection of nodes.

A Binary Heap is a Binary Tree with following properties:

(1) It’s a complete tree (All levels are completely filled except possibly the last level and the last level has all keys as left as possible). This property of Binary Heap makes them suitable to be stored in an array.

(2) A Binary Heap is either Min Heap or Max Heap. In a Min Binary Heap, the key at root must be minimum among all keys present in Binary Heap. The same property must be recursively true for all nodes in Binary Tree. Max Binary Heap is similar to Min Binary Heap.

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BA LLB- Semester 1 - Economics-1 Microeconomic Analysis (End Term Paper Dec 2017)(#ballbpapers)(#ipumusings)

BA LLB- Semester 1 - Economics-1
(Microeconomic Analysis) 

(End Term Paper Dec 2017)

The objective of this paper is to provide broad understanding of basic concepts of economics and understanding of relationship between economics and law.

The question paper is of 3 Hours duration carrying 75 as maximum marks. Part A is compulsory.

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MCA Data and File Structure: Arrays, Stacks, Queues and Lists - Question Bank (Set 1)

Data and File Structure: Arrays, Stacks, Queues and Lists 

Question Bank (Set 1) 

Unit I Syllabus: Fundamentals of algorithm analysis Big ‘O’ notations, Time and space complexity of algorithms, linked lists: singly and doubly linked lists, stacks, queues, double stack, multistacks and multiqueues, deques, polynomial arithmetic, infix, postfix and prefix arithmetic expression conversion and evaluations

Questions

1. Define Data structure.

2. List the operations performed in the Linear Data Structure.

3. What is abstract datatype?

4. Define Array.

5. Write the limitations of Array.

6. What are the ways to represent the two dimensional Array in memory.

7. Calculate the address of the element a[2][4] of an array a[3][5] in row major order.

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BTech BioTechnology Quiz (Set 1)

BioTechnology Quiz 

(Set 1)

Multiple Choice Based Questions

Q1: Who was the first ever cloned animal?
(a) Dolly
(b) Albert
(c) Madonna
(d) Medusa

Q2: Genetic engineering is the manipulation of ________ for practical purpose

(A) Genetic bacteria
(B) Genetic plant
(C) Genetic material
(D) Genetic animal


Q3: Each basis inheritable character is controlled by a factor called ________.

(A) Chromosome
(B) DNA
(C) gene
(D) RNA


Q4: Genetic engineering usually utilizes ________.

(A) Bacterial cells
(B) Bacterial plasmids
(C) Both of these
(D) None of these

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BCA/BTech/MCA Computer Science - Software Engineering - What are Software Metrics? (#ipumusings)

What are Software Metrics?

Software Engineering Study Notes

Software Metrics:
When a single data point has been collected, a measure has been established. Measurement occurs as a result of the collection of one or more data points. A software metric relates the individual data
items in some way (e.g. the number of errors found per review). A software engineer collects measures and develops metrics so that indicators will be obtained. An indicator is a metric or a combination of metrics, which provides insight into the software process, project or the product. Insight leads to informed decision making. It helps software engineers to adjust the process, project or product to improve the general quality.

Types of Metrics:
Metrics may fall into one of two categories:

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